CVE-2026-55733

Summary

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-controlled binary input.

Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding encodes permission scopes by passing arbitrary binaries to String.to_atom/1. When encode/3 in lib/guardian/permissions/atom_encoding.ex is called with a list, each binary entry is handled by the encode_value/3 binary clause, which calls String.to_atom(value) with no allow-list check. The perm_set argument (the application's small, finite set of legitimate permission names) is discarded, so any external string flows straight into atom creation. This encoder is selected with use Guardian.Permissions, encoding: Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding and reached through the imported encode/3 entry point.

String.to_atom/1 creates a brand-new atom for every previously unseen binary, atoms are never garbage collected, and the BEAM atom table is fixed at roughly 1,048,576 entries by default. An application that funnels attacker-influenced permission scopes (from a request body, a JWT claim, or other external input) into encode/3 therefore mints one permanent atom per distinct value. A modest stream of varied, unauthenticated input permanently consumes the atom table and crashes the BEAM node with system_limit, taking down every application running on it.

The default encoder is Guardian.Permissions.BitwiseEncoding, which is not affected.

This issue affects guardian: from 2.0.0 before 2.4.1.

Affected Software

VendorProductVersion RangeStatus
ueberauthguardian2.0.0 < 2.4.1affected
ueberauthguardianb7a6128ca4d0ffb7f7df5219dd982304ff9d6802 < 9cd268557846aa4c3ad53566c08f2c190ee5513faffected

Weaknesses

  • CWE-770: CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Workarounds

Switch the permission encoder to the default Guardian.Permissions.BitwiseEncoding or to Guardian.Permissions.TextEncoding, neither of which creates atoms. Alternatively, validate every permission value against the configured perm_set allowlist (rejecting unknown values) before passing it to encode/3.

References