CVE-2025-25291

Summary

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Affected Software

Weaknesses

• CWE-347: CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
• CWE-436: CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict

ADP Enrichment

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

• SSVC:
• Exploitation: poc
  • Automatable: yes
  • Technical Impact: total

CVE Program Container

Additional References

• https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/
• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html

References

• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
• https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
• https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
• https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
• https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
• https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
• https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml

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